Cardiology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels. Physicians specializing in this field are called cardiologists. They manage conditions ranging from high blood pressure to complex heart diseases like heart failure and coronary artery disease.

Cardiology deals with a variety of cardiovascular conditions, including:

• Coronary artery disease (CAD) – Blockages in heart arteries.
• Heart failure – Weakened heart function.
• Arrhythmias – Irregular heartbeats (e.g., atrial fibrillation).
• Hypertension – High blood pressure.
• Valvular heart disease – Problems with heart valves (e.g., aortic stenosis).
• Congenital heart defects – Heart abnormalities present at birth.
• Peripheral artery disease (PAD) – Narrowing of blood vessels outside the heart.
• Cardiomyopathy – Diseases affecting the heart muscle.
• Pericarditis & Myocarditis – Inflammation of the heart lining or muscle.