Nephrology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related diseases. It deals with conditions affecting kidney function, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney stones, hypertension-related kidney issues, glomerulonephritis, and kidney failure. Nephrologists are medical specialists trained to manage these conditions and may also oversee dialysis treatment or kidney transplants.

Key Areas in Nephrology:

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – Progressive loss of kidney function over time.
• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) – Sudden loss of kidney function due to injury or illness.
• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) – A leading cause of kidney disease.
• Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances – Issues with sodium, potassium, calcium, and pH balance.
• Glomerular Diseases – Conditions like glomerulonephritis that affect kidney filtering units.
• Kidney Stones – Hard mineral deposits in the kidneys causing pain and complications.
• Dialysis – A treatment for advanced kidney failure, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
• Kidney Transplantation – Surgical replacement of a failing kidney with a donor kidney.